The Biography of Dr. Hubert James Lawson from Larne

History Hub Ulster is currently working with Mid and East Antrim Borough Council in researching men who may qualify for inclusion on the Larne War Memorial. One case has greatly interested our researcher, Nigel Henderson, that of Larne Grammar School pupil, Hubert Lawson.

Hubert James Lawson was born on 6th November 1897 at Main Street in Larne to William Lawson, Company Secretary for the Shamrock Shipping Company, and Isabella Lawson (nee Norritt). The family lived at Bonavista Terrace in 1901, at Old Glenarm Road in 1911, and later at “Elsinore” on Chaine Memorial Road. Hubert was educated at Larne Grammar School and enlisted with the Royal Irish Fusiliers on 24th February 1916 (Regimental Number 24010).

Private Lawson served on the Western Front with 9th Battalion and was discharged as “No longer physically fit for war service” due to illness on 27th June 1917, with Silver War Badge Number 198321. The medal card, medal rolls, and pension cards record his name as Herbert James Lawson, but one document includes an annotation that Hubert is the correct name. He was boarding at 11 Fountainville Avenue, the home of Miss E Livingstone, when he was awarded a 20% Disability Pension in respect of a collapsed lung at the rate of eight shillings per week.

Hubert graduated from Queen’s University as a Bachelor of Medicine and a Bachelor of Science in July 1924. He was a surgeon when he sailed from Shanghai onboard SS Yangtse, arriving at New York on 1st March 1927, before continuing his journey to the United Kingdom. He married Marjorie Brockbank at Ulverston in Lancashire, the marriage being registered in Quarter 1 1928. The UK and Ireland Medical Register of 1930 records that Hubert was working for the Malayan Medical Service and they were living in Penang Province when their first son was born. Hubert was Medical Officer at Seremban before being appointed as Chief Medical Officer for Kelantan.

During the Japanese advance, Hubert arranged for Marjorie and their three sons – John (14), Billy (12), and Dennis (9) – to be evacuated to Australia. Hubert remained at his post at the Teloh Anson Hospital in Perak and was interned by the Japanese after the Fall of Singapore in February 1942. On 29th October 1944, he was allowed to send a message card from Singapore to his family in Sydney. The message included the following line, “Trust will not be long before we are all united”.

Dr. Hubert James Lawson died of a stomach tumour at the Sime Road Civilian Internment Camp on 2nd December 1944, aged 47, and is buried in Choa Chu Kang Cemetery in Singapore.

The camp occupied a 470-acre site and had been the Combined Operations Headquarters of the British Army and Air Force from December 1941 until the Fall of Singapore. Hubert left effects of £1137 fourteen shillings and nine pence (approximately £43,487 in current terms) to Marjorie, who had returned to Northern Ireland with their sons to live at “Elsinore” in Larne.

Dr Lawson is commemorated on the UK Civilian Roll of Honour for the Second World War and his name was recently added to the war memorial plaque at Larne Grammar School. He is also commemorated on a side-panel at the Lawson family plot in Larne’s Greenland Cemetery.

William Norritt Stewart Lawson, the second son of Hubert and Marjorie, served in the Korean War as a Lance-Corporal with 55th Independent Squadron Royal Engineers, part of the 1st Commonwealth Division. In addition to being awarded the United Nations Korea Medal, he was awarded the British Empire Medal (Military Division) in “recognition of services in Korea during the period 1 August 1954 to 31 January 1955”.

After leaving the army, William pursued a career as a marine engineer in the Merchant Navy and was an engineer officer on SS Ramore Head when he was presented with the British Empire Medal at Thiepval Barracks on Friday 17th August 1956 by Lieutenant-General Sir Brian Kimmins, GOC Northern Ireland District.

William and Isabella Lawson lived at “Elsinore” until their deaths. Isabella died on 18th March 1944, aged 72, and William Lawson died on 2nd April 1947, aged 81. They are buried in the Greenland Cemetery in Larne. Marjorie Lawson died in Belfast on 5th October 1954, aged 50, but her place of burial is not known. William Christie Lawson, Hubert’s older brother, was the Managing Director of the Shamrock Shipping Company in 1947.

Nigel Henderson, History Hub Ulster Researcher

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Acknowledgements:

Photograph in Malayan Medical Service uniform provided by John Hoy

Lawson family plot photograph Jenny Brennan

Cemetery commemoration image is from the Singapore Tombstones Epigraphic Materials website 

Newspaper photograph of William Norritt Stewart Lawson from Belfast News-Letter (18th August 1956)

The War Memorial Window of St John’s Church of Ireland, Laganbank

On Sunday 27th July 1919, the Right Reverend Doctor Charles Frederick D’Arcy, Lord Bishop of Down and Connor and Dromore, dedicated the memorials to the men from the congregation of St. John’s Church of Ireland, who had served in the Great War.

One of the lessons in the service was made by Mr Henry Seaver, whose son had died in the Great War. The memorial to the fatalities was a two-light stained-glass window produced by Ward & Partners of May Street. 

It featured two angels with heads bowed in prayer and the scripture, “Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.” The names of twenty men who made the supreme sacrifice are recorded on two panes and the dedication at the base of the window reads,

“To the glory of God, and in cherished memory of the above-named members of this Church, who made the supreme sacrifice in the Great War, 1914-1918. These two windows are erected by the parishioners of St John’s Church, Laganbank.”

The memorial to those who served and returned took the form of a tablet contained 86 names and the inscription plate read,

“This tablet commemorates the gallant services of those members of this church who fought in the Great War, 1914-1918”.

When St John’s Church closed in the 1940s, the congregation re-located to Orangefield, where a new St John’s Church was built. The Roll of Honour tablet was moved to the new church but the stained glass windows were not. They were packed in a wooden case and moved to storage in the crypt in St Anne’s Cathedral.

When I started searching for the memorial window, I was told that there was no storage crate in St Anne’s and I was later told that memorial windows from St John’s had been installed in St Andrew’s Church, Glencairn. However, the windows in St Andrew’s Church did not include the war memorial window. In late April of this year, Alistair McCartney advised me that the storage crate from St John’s Church had been in St Mary’s Church on the Crumlin Road for the last twenty years.

John McCormick and I visited St Mary’s Church to photograph the war memorial window, which was in four sections.

The Fallen of St John’s Church, Laganbank

William John Beggs was born in Larne and enlisted with the Royal Engineers. He was serving with 7th Depot Company when he died of pneumonia at Victoria Barracks Military Hospital on 3rd December 1915, aged 42, and is buried in Belfast City Cemetery.

Alexander Bingham was born on 17th September 1890 at Lindsay Street to Thomas Bingham and Julia Bingham (nee Goudy) who later lived at Erin Street. Brigade Quartermaster Sergeant Bingham died of suffocation in the trenches on 27th November 1915, aged 25, and is buried in Forceville Communal Cemetery and Extension in France.

Robert Henry Black was born on 20th November 1883 at Annette Street to William John Black, a brad finisher, and Eliza Black (nee Hobson). Riflemen Robert Henry Black was Killed in Action on 1st July 1916, aged 32, and is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial in France. He is also commemorated on the memorial for May Street Presbyterian Church.

Two sons of James Clulow, a long-time Sexton at St John’s Church, and Jane Clulow (nee Smith) are commemorated on the window.

Edward Clulow was born on 23rd January 1882 at Charles Street South and he served with 1st King’s Dragoon Guards in the Second Anglo-Boer War, being awarded the King’s South Africa Medal with the South Africa 1901 and South Africa 1902 clasps. He was serving with “C” Squadron 5th Dragoon Guards when he died of Wounds on 27th March 1918, aged 36, and is buried in St Sever Cemetery Extension at Rouen in France.

Thomas Clulow was born on 8th October 1883 at Charles Street South and he enlisted with the South Lancashire Regiment on 20th January 1903 and was stationed in India from November 1904 to March 1906. He was mobilised on 5th August 1914 and was deployed to France with 2nd Battalion eight days later. He sustained shrapnel wounds to the leg on 20th September 1914 during the Battle of the Aisne and spent ten months at the 1st Scottish General Hospital in Aberdeen before being discharged at Warrington on 6th August 1915. Thomas Clulow of Renfrew Street died of myelitis (nervous exhaustion) at the Union Workhouse Infirmary on 19th September 1916, aged 30, and is buried in Belfast City Cemetery.

William Connell was born on 13th Aug 1897 at Schull in County Cork to John Connell, HM Coastguard, and Mary Jane Connell (nee Shipsey) and he joined the Royal Navy on 14th March 1913 from the Greenwich Naval College. He was serving as a Boy (1st Class) on HMS Monmouth when she was sunk in the Battle of Coronel off the coast of Chile on 1st November 1914. He was 17 years old and is commemorated on the Plymouth Naval Memorial.

Edward Collins was born on 15th July 1889 at Catherine Street to John Collins, a coachman, and Sarah Ann Collins (nee Bailey) and he enlisted with the Royal Irish Rifles on 9th November 1908. He was serving in India with 1st Battalion at the outbreak of the Great War and was deployed to France with on 6th November 1914. Rifleman Edward Collins Died of Wounds on 11th March 1915, aged 27, and is buried in the Merville Communal Cemetery in France.

Charles Robert Cooney was born on 13th March 1894 at Moneymore to James Lamont Cooney, a clerk, and Margaret Alice Cooney (nee Lillie) and he was educated at Moneymore National School and Cookstown Academy. He received his commission with 7th Battalion Royal Dublin Fusiliers in October 1915 and was posted to France on attachment to 10th Battalion Royal Irish Rifles on 20th July 1916. Second Lieutenant Cooney was attached to 2nd Battalion Royal Irish Rifles when he was Killed in Action on 9th October 1916, aged 22, and is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial in France.

There is insufficient information to positively identify James Foster.

John James Greenlee was born on 21st February 1881 at Elizabeth Street to Robert Greenlee, a carpenter, and Martha Greenlee (nee Clendinning). He enlisted with the Canadian Expeditionary Force on 5th February 1916 and was serving with 43rd Battery (8th Brigade) Canadian Field Artillery when he was Killed in Action on 23rd November 1917, aged 38, and is buried in Brandhoek New Military Cemetery No 3 in Belgium.

Samuel Halliday was born on 1st October 1877 at Norton Street to Samuel Halliday and Elizabeth Halliday (nee Lunn). Samuel was 34 years old when he enlisted with the Royal Engineers at Old Town Hall on 16th February 1915 and was deployed to France with 150th Field Company on 5th October 1915. Samuel collapsed in a trench and died of syncope on 9th February 1917, aged 39, and is buried in the Berks Cemetery Extension in Belgium.

William Henry Hamilton was born on 13th June 1882 at Reilly’s Place to William Henry Hamilton, a cattle dealer, and Lucy Hamilton (nee Killen). He enlisted with 17th Battalion Royal Irish Rifles and was deployed to France with 8th Battalion on 5th October 1915. William was Killed in Action on 23rd November 1917, aged 35,and is commemorated on the Cambrai Memorial at Louverval in France.

William Grainger Hanna was born on 29th September 1894 at Arkwright Street to William Hanna and Mary Hanna (nee Lyons), who were living at Glenwherry Street when their son died. William enlisted with the Royal Irish Rifles and was posted to France with 14th Battalion in October 1915. He was Killed in Action on 1st July 1916, aged 21, and is buried in the Mill Road Cemetery at Thiepval in France. His death was confirmed in the War Office Daily List dated 4th October 1917.

John Kells was born on 23rd June 1887 at Douglas Street to James Kells, a coachman, and Mary Kells (nee Yarr) and he enlisted with the Royal Irish Rifles. He was posted to France with 8th Battalion in October 1915 and was Killed in Action on 2nd July 1916, aged 29, and is commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial in France.

Alexander Morrison was born on 12th July 1895 at Stirling to James Morrison and Emily Morrison and the family was living at Garfield Terrace on My Lady’s Road when he enlisted with the Royal Marine Light Infantry in Belfast on 13th August 1912. Alexander was serving with 1st Royal Marines Battalion (Royal Naval Division) when he was awarded the Military Medal for his actions at Logeast Wood on 21st August 1918. Acting Corporal Morrison was Killed in Action on 6th October 1918, aged 23, and is buried in Hermies Hill British Cemetery in France.

James McCracken was born on 14th December 1891 at Market Street to William John McCracken and Jane Julia McCracken (nee McLean) and he enlisted with 4th Battalion Royal Irish Rifles and was posted overseas after 1915. James was serving with 6th Battalion Machine Gun Corps when he died of pneumonia on 6th November 1918, aged 29, and is buried in the St Sever Cemetery Extension in Rouen.

Edward Lawson McDonald was born on 24th June 1882 at Botanic Avenue to James Thompson McDonald, a stockbroker, and Fanny Anne McDonald (nee Seaver). Edward was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Irish Rifles with effect from 6th January 1916 and held the rank of Lieutenant when he was posted to 12th Battalion on the Western Front on 20th July 1916. Edward was Killed in Action on 22nd November 1917, aged 35, and is commemorated on the Cambrai Memorial at Louverval in France.

James Henry Robinson was born on 3rd April 1898 at the Fire Station HQ on Chichester Street to William John Robinson and Sarah Robinson (nee Johnston). James enlisted with the Royal Irish Rifles and landed at ANZAC Cove with 6th Battalion on 5th August 1915. Lance-Corporal Robinson was Killed in Action five days later at the age of 17 and is commemorated on the Helles Memorial in Turkey.

David Harden Scott was born on 24th November 1895 at Abbey Street in Bangor to Matthew Scott, a station master, and Elizabeth Scott (nee Lemon) and they were living at Dufferin Avenue when their son died. David was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Irish Rifles with effect from 28th January 1915 and was deployed to France with 16th Battalion in October 1915. He served with the 36th Divisional Cyclist Corps before being transferred to the Royal Flying Corps and he was awarded the Military Cross. Lieutenant Scott was serving with 65 Squadron Royal Flying Corps when he was Killed in Action on 12th November 1917, aged 21, and is buried in Pont-Du-Hem Military Cemetery at La Gorgue in France.

Charles Seaver was born on 1st July 1894 at Easton Terrace, Cliftonville, to Henry Seaver, a civil engineer, and Norah Seaver (nee Lepper) and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant with the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers on 8th September 1914. He held the rank of Captain when he was posted to the Western Front in January 1916 and he sustained shrapnel wounds to the arm in late July. He was serving with 8th Battalion when he was wounded in the head on 9th September during the Battle of Ginchy and died at No 2 General Hospital on 3rd October 1916. He was 22 years of age and is buried in St. Sever Cemetery at Rouen in France.

Nigel Henderson, History Hub Ulster Researcher

On This Day 80 Years Ago: The Bombing of Dresden

The Bombing of Dresden city in Germany took place in the final months of the Second World War.  In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 722 heavy bombers of the RAF and 527 of the USAAF dropped over 3,900 tons of high-explosive bombs and incendiary devices on the city. The bombing and the resulting firestorm destroyed 8 square miles of the city centre. It is estimated between 22,700 and 25,000 people were killed.

 

Three more USAAF air raids followed, two occurring on 2 March and 17 April aimed at the city’s railroad marshalling yard and one small raid on 17 April aimed at industrial areas. Post-war discussion of whether or not the attacks were justified has led to the bombing becoming a moral controversy of the war.

A 1953 UnitFotothek_df_ps_0000010_Blick_vom_Rathausturmed States Air Force report defended the operation as the justified bombing of a military and industrial target, which was a major rail transport and communication centre, housing 110 factories and 50,000 workers in support of the German war effort. Several researchers have claimed that not all of the communications infrastructure, such as the bridges, were targeted, nor were the extensive industrial areas outside the city centre.

Critics of the bombing argue that Dresden was a cultural landmark of little or no military significance, and that the attacks were indiscriminate area bombing and not proportionate to the commensurate military gains

Large variations in the claimed death toll have fuelled the controversy.
In March 1945, the German government ordered its press to publish a falsified casualty figure of 200,000 for the Dresden raids, and death toll estimates as high as 500,000 have been given. Although Dresden authorities at the time estimated no more than 25,000 victims, a figure which subsequent investigations as recently as 2010 support.